HOW TO PRONOUNCE -ED IN ENGLISH
The pronunciation of "ed" in English depends on the sound of the base word's final letter and has three possible pronunciations: /t/, /d/, or /ɪd/.
1. (ɪd). -If the word ends in a /t/ or /d/ sound, add an extra syllable and pronounce it /ɪd/Example:
- Started
- Wanted
- Visited
- Wasted
- Included
- Contacted
- Invited
- Expected
- Printed
- Decided
- Needed
- Ended
- Guided
- Flooded
2. (t). - If the word ends in a voiceless consonant (like /k/, /p/, /f/, /s/, /ʃ/, or /t/), pronounce "ed" as /t/
Example:
- Ending in p: hoped, jumped, stopped, helped
- Ending in k: asked, baked, worked
- Ending in s: missed, pressed, guessed
- Ending in sh: washed, finished, brushed, wished
- Ending in ch: watched, reached, matched, pinched
- Ending in f: laughed, coughed, stuffed
- Ending in x: fixed, mixed, relaxed
3. (d). - If the word ends in a voiced consonant or vowel, pronounce "ed" as /d/.
Example:
- Ending in B: cubed, robbed, rubbed, described,
- Ending in G: bagged, tagged, sagged, argued
- Ending in L: called, filled, pulled, allowed, filled,
- Ending in M: framed, dimmed, blamed, informed
- Ending in N: dined, joined, cleaned, found, concerned, explained, happened, opened
- Ending in R: cared, poured, married, delivered, covered, deserved, ignored, hurried, entered
- Ending in S: closed, amazed, caused, confused, exercised, excused,
- Ending in V: loved, lived, saved, waved
- Ending in Z: dazed, seized, buzzed, prized
- Ending in J (ʤ): aged, caged, urged, judged
- Ending in TH (ð): loathed, soothed, breathed, clothed
- Ending with W : followed,